Which instructional design model is associated with the concept of backward design?

The Understanding by Design (UbD) framework is associated with the concept of backward design, which emphasizes starting with the end in mind—specifically, identifying desired learning outcomes before planning instructional activities. This approach involves three stages: identifying the desired results, determining acceptable evidence of learning, and planning the learning experiences and instruction.

By focusing on the outcomes first, designers ensure that all instructional elements are aligned with the goals of the program, leading to a more coherent and effective learning experience. This strategic alignment helps educators to define clear learning objectives and assessments that accurately measure student understanding. The UbD framework encourages educators to think critically about what students need to know and be able to do, ultimately enhancing the design process by keeping the end goals as the focal point throughout.