Which of the following are two types of assessments commonly used in instructional design?

The selection of formative assessments and summative assessments as two types commonly used in instructional design is well-founded due to their distinct purposes in the learning process.

Formative assessments are conducted during the instructional process with the aim of monitoring student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning. These assessments are typically informal and can include quizzes, discussions, and observations. By using formative assessments, instructional designers can adjust the learning environment in real-time, ensuring that learners are grasping the material and progressing appropriately.

Summative assessments, on the other hand, are used to evaluate student learning at the conclusion of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. They often take the form of final exams, end-of-term projects, or standardized tests. Summative assessments provide a clear measure of what learners have achieved, and the results can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional design itself.

Together, these types of assessments play a critical role in instructional design by not only assessing learner outcomes but also informing and shaping the instructional strategies employed throughout the educational process.